Cullet:Mabhodhoro egirazi nezvirongo zvinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvechisikigo: silica sand, soda cash uye limestone.Izvo zvinhu zvinosanganiswa negirazi rakadzokororwa, rinonzi "cullet".Cullet ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mumabhodhoro egirazi uye midziyo.Pasi rose, girazi redu rekurongedza rine avhareji ye38% yegirazi rakadzokororwa.Zvinhu zvakasvibirira (jecha requartz, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, nezvimwewo) zvinopwanyika, zvinhu zvakanyorova zvinoomeswa, uye simbi ine simbi yakasvibiswa inobatwa nekubviswa kwesimbi kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yegirazi.
Choto:Musanganiswa webatch unonanga kuchoto, choto chinopisa negasi nemagetsi kusvika ku1550 degrees celsius kugadzira girazi rakanyungudutswa.Choto chinomhanya maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo, uye chinogona kugadzira mazana emazana ematani egirazi zuva rega rega.
Munatsi:Kana musanganiswa wegirazi rakanyungudutswa uchibuda muchoto, unoyerera uchienda mumuchenesi, unova dhishi rekubata rakafukidzwa nekorona hombe kuti rive nekupisa.Pano girazi rakanyungudutswa rinotonhora kusvika ku1250 degrees celsius uye mabhuru emhepo akavharirwa mukati anoita kutiza.
Foreheart:Girazi rakanyungudutswa rinobva raenda kumberi, izvo zvinounza tembiricha yegirazi kune imwe nhanho isati yapinda mufeeder.Pakupera kwekudyisa, shears inocheka girazi rakanyungudutswa kuita "gobs", uye gob yega yega ichava bhodhoro regirazi kana chirongo.
Kugadzira Machine:Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinotanga kuita chimiro mukati memushini wekugadzira sezvo gob rega rega rinodonhedzwa munhevedzano yezviumbwa.Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inoshandiswa kugadzira uye kuwedzera gob mumudziyo wegirazi.Girazi rinoramba richitonhora panguva yekugadzira, richidonha kusvika pa700 degrees celsius.
Annealing:Mushure memushini wekugadzira, yega yega girazi bhodhoro kana chirongo chinopinda nepakati nhanho yekumisa.Kunanaira kunodiwa nekuti kunze kwegaba rinotonhora nekukurumidza kupfuura mukati maro.Iyo annealing process inodziya zvakare mudziyo uye inozotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuburitsa kushushikana uye kusimbisa girazi.Zvigaba zvegirazi zvinodziiswa kusvika pa565 degrees celsius zvobva zvatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika 150 degrees celsius.Ipapo mabhodhoro egirazi ad zvirongo anoenda kune kodhi yekupedzisira coater kune yekupedzisira yekupfekedza kunze.
Kuongorora Mabhodhoro eGirazi nemaJari:Imwe neimwe girazi bhodhoro uye chirongo chinoiswa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yekuongorora kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nemhando yepamusoro.Multiple high-resolution makamera mukati memuchina anoongorora anosvika mazana masere emabhodhoro egirazi paminiti yega yega.Iwo makamera anogara pamakona akasiyana uye anogona kubata miniscule hurema.Chimwe chikamu chemaitiro ekuongorora chinosanganisira michina inomanikidza midziyo yegirazi kuti iedze ukobvu hwemadziro, kusimba uye kana mudziyo ukanamira nemazvo.Idzo nyanzvi zvakare nemaoko uye nekuona dzinoongorora zvisina kujairika samples kuti ive nechokwadi.
Kana bhodhoro regirazi kana chirongo chegirazi rikasapfuura ongororo, inodzokera mukugadzira girazi secullet.Midziyo inopfuura pakuongororwa inogadzirirwa kutakurwakuvagadziri vezvokudya nezvinwiwa,vanoazadza vobva vagovera kuzvitoro zvegirosari, maresitorendi, mahotera nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutengesa kuti vatengi nevatengi vafare.
Girazi rinogara richishandiswazve, uye chigadziko chegirazi chakadzokororwa chinogona kubva mubhini rekare kuti richengetere sherufu mukati memazuva makumi matatu.Saka kana vatengi nemaresitorendi vachidzokorora mabhodhoro avo egirazi nezvirongo, girazi rekugadzira loop rinotanga zvakare.
Girazi bhodhoro ndiro hombe yekurongedza ndiro yechikafu, mushonga uye indasitiri yemakemikari.Iyo ine akawanda mabhenefiti, haina chepfu, haina kuravira, kugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari kwakanaka, nyore kuvhara, kusimba kwemhepo kwakanaka, chinhu chakajeka uye chinogona kucherechedzwa kubva kunze kwepakeji kusvika kune chaiyo mamiriro ekupfeka. .Rudzi urwu rwekurongedza runobatsira kuchengetwa kwezvinhu, ine yakanaka kwazvo yekuchengetera kuita, Yayo yakatsetseka, iri nyore kuuraya utachiona uye sterize uye ndiyo yakakodzera kurongedza mudziyo.
Girazi rinenge risina ruvara rinonzi girazi risina ruvara.Rusina ruvara ndiro izwi rinodiwa pachinzvimbo chezwi rakajeka.Zvakajeka zvinoreva kukosha kwakasiyana: kujeka kwegirazi uye kwete ruvara rwayo.Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwezwi rakajeka kungave kuri mumutsara wekuti "clear green bottle."
Aquamarine ine ruvara rwegirazi mhedzisiro yechisikigo yeese ari ega simbi inowanikwa mujecha zhinji, kana kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwesimbi kumusanganiswa.Nokuderedza kana kuwedzera kuwanda kweokisijeni mumurazvo unoshandiswa kunyungudutsa jecha, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira ruvara rwakada kuita bluish-girinhi kana kuti girinhi.
Opaque girazi chena inowanzonzi girazi remukaka uye dzimwe nguva inonzi Opal kana chena girazi.Inogona kugadzirwa nekuwedzerwa kwetin, zinc oxide, fluorides, phosphates kana calcium.
Girazi regirini rinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuwedzerwa kwesimbi, chromium, uye mhangura.Chromium oxide inoburitsa yero yakasvibira kune emerald green.Kusanganiswa kwecobalt, (blue) yakasanganiswa nechromium (girinhi) inoburitsa girazi regirinhi rebhuruu.
Amber girazi inogadzirwa kubva kutsvina yechisikigo mujecha, senge iron uye manganese.Zviwedzerwa zvinogadzira Amber zvinosanganisira nickel, sulfur, uye carbon.
Girazi rebhuruu rine ruvara nezvinhu zvakaita secobalt oxide nemhangura.
Purple, amethyst uye tsvuku mavara egirazi anowanzo kubva pakushandisa nickel kana manganese oxides.
Girazi dema rinowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune yakakwira simbi, asi inogona kusanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekabhoni, mhangura ine iron uye magnesia.
Ingave batch yakarongerwa kuve yakajeka kana girazi reruvara, izvo zvakasanganiswa zvinozivikanwa semusanganiswa webatch uye zvinotakurwa kuenda kuchoto uye nekupisa kune tembiricha inosvika 1565 ° C kana 2850 ° F.Kana ranyungudutswa uye rasanganiswa, girazi rakanyungudutswa rinopfuura nemuchinatsi, umo maturu emhepo anenge avharirwa anobvumirwa kubuda uye ozotonhodzwa kuita yunifomu asi tembiricha ichiri kuumbika.Chekudyisa chinobva chasundidzira girazi remvura pamwero wenguva dzose kuburikidza nemazaru akanyatso hukuru mufivha isingapise kupisa.Mashear blades anocheka girazi riri kubuda rakanyungudutswa panguva chaiyo kugadzira masilinda akareba anonzi gobs.Aya gobs zvimedu zvega, zvakagadzirira kuumbwa.Ivo vanopinda muchina wekugadzira umo, vachishandisa mweya wakadzvanywa kuti uwedzere iwo kuzadza dhifu reinodiwa chimiro chekupedzisira, vanogadzirwa kuita midziyo.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-07-2021